West Highland White Terrier Dog Breed [ FULL Guide + Pictures ]

Dog Breed Information

The West Highland White Terrier, or Westie for short, is a breed that packs an incredible amount of personality into a small frame. These spirited little dogs have long been cherished for their cheerful disposition, unmistakable white coats, and spunky energy. Their history is steeped in heritage, and their modern-day charm has made them a favorite companion in many households around the world.

In this guide, we’ll dive into everything that makes the Westie such a beloved breed, from its appearance to its behavior, and why so many people can’t resist these little furballs of joy. Whether you’re considering adopting a Westie, or you just have a curious interest in dog breeds, we’ll explore this charming terrier in all its glory.

Definition Of The West Highland White Terrier Dog Breed

The West Highland White Terrier is a small yet sturdy terrier breed originally bred in Scotland. The name ’West Highland’ refers to the rugged Highlands region of Scotland, which is where these dogs were originally developed. They were primarily bred for hunting small game, particularly foxes, otters, and vermin, thanks to their sharp instincts and alert nature.

Origins: As mentioned, the Westie comes from Scotland, where it was first bred in the mid-19th century. The breed’s exact origins are a bit murky, but the most popular theory is that they were developed from a mix of terrier breeds, including the Cairn Terrier and other local terriers.
Purpose: Historically, they were used for their excellent skills in chasing down small game like foxes, rats, and badgers. Today, however, the West Highland White Terrier is more of a companion dog, admired for its friendly and loyal nature rather than its hunting abilities.
Temperament: The Westie is known for being confident, playful, and loving. Despite their small stature, they have a big personality and often think of themselves as much larger dogs. They are also intelligent, alert, and can be a bit independent at times, making them excellent watchdogs.

Physical Characteristics Of The West Highland White Terrier Dog Breed

The West Highland White Terrier is an undeniably cute and compact dog, with features that make it stand out in a crowd. There’s no mistaking a Westie’s iconic look-its sturdy build, alert expression, and signature white coat make it one of the most recognizable terrier breeds.

Coat and Texture: The Westie’s coat is one of its most striking features. It’s dense, harsh, and wiry, providing it with protection against the elements. The texture is rough to the touch but soft underneath. This double-layered coat is part of what makes the breed so distinctive, as it gives them that ’fluffy’ appearance while still feeling quite sturdy.
- Grooming Needs: Regular grooming is essential to keep the Westie’s coat looking pristine. Owners often need to ’hand-strip’ the coat, which is a method of plucking out dead hair to maintain the breed’s classic look. If not regularly groomed, their coat can become matted, so grooming sessions are a key part of their care.
Eyes and Ears: The Westie’s small, almond-shaped eyes are dark and expressive, adding to their curious and alert nature. Their ears are pointed, erect, and carry an overall sharpness that complements their watchful demeanor. You’ll often see them perk up at the slightest sound, reflecting their strong terrier instincts.
Tail: Their tail is carried high, often wagging energetically, reflecting their joyful disposition. Though small, the Westie’s tail is a key indicator of its active and lively personality.
Overall Build: Despite their small size, Westies are muscular and sturdy. Their compact, robust frame is built for agility and strength, making them well-suited for running and playing.

Colors Of The West Highland White Terrier Dog Breed

One of the most fascinating aspects of the West Highland White Terrier is its color. In fact, the breed is known for one color: white. Here’s a little more about this iconic trait:

Pure White Coat: The Westie’s trademark color is pure white. This is a result of generations of selective breeding, with the aim of maintaining a consistent and striking appearance. In fact, if a Westie were born with any other color (such as black or tan), it would be considered a fault and not in line with breed standards.
Caring for the White Coat: White dogs, especially those with thick, wiry coats like the Westie, can be prone to staining. Keeping their fur clean and well-groomed is essential to prevent discoloration from things like tears, saliva, or dirt. Regular bathing and wiping the eyes can help maintain their bright, pristine coat.

Size Of The West Highland White Terrier Dog Breed

Despite being small, Westies are not delicate dogs. They have a sturdy, compact frame that’s well-proportioned for their size.

Height: West Highland White Terriers typically stand about 10 to 11 inches tall at the shoulder. They are small but strong, with a solid, compact build that defies their height.
Weight: They usually weigh between 15 to 20 pounds, though individual weights can vary depending on factors like diet, exercise, and genetics. Despite their weight, they don’t look ’heavy’ due to their well-balanced structure.
Ideal Size: Their size is perfect for families who live in apartments or smaller homes, but they still need regular outdoor exercise to keep them fit and happy.

Life Expectancy Of The West Highland White Terrier Dog Breed

When it comes to the lifespan of the West Highland White Terrier, they are typically healthy little dogs with an average life expectancy of 12 to 16 years. However, like all breeds, their longevity can be influenced by factors like genetics, lifestyle, and overall care.

Health Concerns: While Westies are generally robust, they are prone to some health conditions, including:
- Allergies: Westies are known for having sensitive skin and may suffer from allergies, especially in their early years.
- Hip Dysplasia: As with many smaller breeds, hip dysplasia can sometimes be an issue, although it’s not as prevalent in Westies as in some larger breeds.
- Liver Shunts: This is a condition where the liver is not properly filtering toxins, and while rare, it is something to be aware of.
Health Maintenance: Regular veterinary visits, a balanced diet, and consistent exercise are key factors in keeping your Westie happy and healthy throughout their lifespan. By monitoring their health and addressing any potential concerns early on, you can maximize their quality of life and enjoy many happy years together.

Temperament Of The West Highland White Terrier Dog Breed

Ah, the West Highland White Terrier, or "Westie" as it’s affectionately called. These little dogs pack a big personality into a small, snowy-white package! Known for their confident, cheeky, and adventurous nature, Westies have a temperament that makes them an absolute delight. Here’s a closer look at their overall vibe:

Friendly & Sociable: Westies love human company, and they’re usually very affectionate with their families. They have a strong desire to be part of the action, whether it’s playing, lounging, or just hanging out.
Spirited & Curious: These dogs are naturally inquisitive and love to explore. They’ll dig, sniff, and poke around to satisfy their curiosity, so be prepared for a little troublemaker in the house!
Confident: Despite their small size, they often act like they’re much bigger dogs. Their confidence can make them a bit bold or stubborn at times, but it’s all in good fun.
Independent: Though they’re not usually clingy, Westies do like being around their humans. They have their own little minds and aren’t afraid to show it, which can sometimes make training a bit tricky.
Good with Children & Pets: They’re typically great with kids and other pets, particularly if they’re introduced early. However, due to their hunting instinct, they might try to chase smaller animals like rabbits or squirrels, which could cause some drama!

All in all, Westies are friendly, affectionate, and full of energy. They’ve got that perfect blend of independence and sociability, making them excellent companions.

Any Shedding Issues For The West Highland White Terrier Dog Breed?

Good news for people who prefer a cleaner home – Westies are not heavy shedders! That signature white coat is dense and wiry, which means they don’t leave a trail of fur behind like some other breeds. But while they don’t shed much, there are still a few things to be aware of:

Minimal Shedding: Westies shed only lightly year-round. Their coat is more likely to retain hair rather than scatter it around, so you won’t have tufts of fur all over your furniture or clothes.
Seasonal Shedding: Although they don’t shed excessively, you may notice a bit more shedding in the spring and fall when they’re shedding their undercoat to adjust to the changing seasons.
Maintenance: The lack of shedding doesn’t mean you can skip grooming altogether! Their coat can mat if it’s not brushed and maintained regularly, which brings us to the next point…

Grooming Needs For The West Highland White Terrier Dog Breed

Ah, grooming. It’s part of the deal when you have a dog with a fluffy, curly, or wiry coat. But don’t let it deter you! While Westies are relatively low-shedding, their fur requires a bit of TLC to stay in tip-top shape:

Brushing: Westies need to be brushed a few times a week to prevent their dense coat from matting. A slicker brush or pin brush works well to remove tangles and keep the coat looking neat.
Hand Stripping: This is a grooming technique where the dead hair is pulled out by hand to keep the coat looking naturally wiry. Many owners take their Westie to a professional groomer for hand-stripping every few months, though you can learn to do it yourself if you’re feeling adventurous!
Bathing: Bathing your Westie should be done every few weeks, or more often if they get particularly dirty. Be careful not to over-bathe, as this can strip their coat of essential oils. A gentle dog shampoo will do the trick.
Ear Care: Westies tend to have floppy ears, which can trap dirt and moisture. Regular cleaning with a damp cloth or ear cleaner will help avoid infections.
Nail Trimming: Keep their nails trimmed, as long nails can affect their walking and cause discomfort. Aim to trim them every few weeks.
Eye Cleaning: Some Westies are prone to eye discharge, so cleaning around the eyes gently with a damp cloth or using a special eye wipe can help.

With regular grooming and care, your Westie’s coat will be the perfect blend of softness and texture.

Diet Requirements Of The West Highland White Terrier Dog Breed

Diet plays a huge role in the overall health and well-being of any dog, and for your Westie, getting it right is key. These dogs are small, so they don’t eat as much as larger breeds, but they still need a balanced and nutritious diet:

High-Quality Protein: Westies thrive on diets that are rich in animal-based protein like chicken, beef, or fish. Look for dog food that lists real meat as the first ingredient to support their muscle development and overall health.
Limited Fat: While they’re small and energetic, you don’t want to overdo it on fat. Choose a food with moderate fat content to prevent obesity, which can be a problem in small breeds if they’re overfed.
Carbohydrates for Energy: Like most dogs, Westies need carbohydrates like sweet potatoes, brown rice, or barley for energy. But watch out for fillers like corn or wheat, which don’t offer much nutritional value.
Omega Fatty Acids: Omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids are essential for maintaining a healthy coat and skin. Look for foods that include ingredients like fish oil or flaxseed.
Avoiding Allergens: Westies can be prone to food allergies, especially to grains and certain proteins. If your Westie has skin issues or digestive problems, you may need to explore hypoallergenic foods or consult your vet about a specialized diet.

Overall, feed them a well-balanced, high-quality diet that meets their specific age and activity level. Don’t overfeed, but do provide them with the right amount of food to keep them active and healthy.

Health Issues Of The West Highland White Terrier Dog Breed

While the Westie is generally a healthy breed, like any dog, they can be prone to certain health issues. Being aware of these can help you catch potential problems early:

Allergies: Westies are infamous for their skin allergies. They may react to food ingredients, pollen, or dust mites, which can cause itching, hot spots, or ear infections.
Hip Dysplasia: Like many small dog breeds, Westies can suffer from hip dysplasia, a genetic condition where the hip joint doesn’t fit properly into the socket. This can cause pain and mobility issues, especially as they age.
Patellar Luxation: This condition, where the kneecap dislocates from its normal position, can be a problem for Westies. It may cause lameness or difficulty walking.
Cataracts: West Highland Terriers can develop cataracts, leading to cloudy vision and, eventually, blindness if untreated.
Liver Disease: Westies can be prone to liver problems, particularly a condition called portosystemic shunt, where blood doesn’t properly flow through the liver. This can cause symptoms like lethargy, poor appetite, and vomiting.
Skin Conditions: Their thick coat can be a blessing and a curse. If not properly maintained, it can lead to skin issues like dry patches or even fungal infections. Regular grooming can help minimize this.

Routine vet check-ups, a healthy diet, and regular grooming will help keep your Westie in great shape and reduce the chances of major health problems down the line.

Training And Exercise Needs Of The West Highland White Terrier Dog Breed

Training your Westie is a bit like dealing with a spirited child – they’re independent, intelligent, and sometimes stubborn. But with patience and consistency, they can be well-behaved little dogs:

Training Needs: Westies are smart, but they’re also strong-willed, which means you need to establish yourself as the pack leader early on. They respond well to positive reinforcement (treats and praise), but they may not always obey on the first try. Be firm but gentle!
Socialization: Like most dogs, early socialization is key. Exposing them to new people, environments, and other pets will help them become well-rounded adults. Without proper socialization, they might develop behavior issues or become overly protective.
Exercise Needs: Despite their small size, Westies are energetic little dogs. They require a moderate amount of exercise – about 30-45 minutes of activity each day. They love walks, playtime in the yard, or even some puzzle games to keep their sharp minds occupied.
Mental Stimulation: Westies are problem solvers, and if they get bored, they might dig or bark excessively. Keep their minds engaged with interactive toys, training sessions, or activities that challenge them mentally.

FAQs

What Is The Origin Of The West Highland White Terrier?

The West Highland White Terrier, also known as the ’Westie’, originated in Scotland in the mid-19th century. It was bred for hunting small game such as rats and foxes, primarily by Scottish breeders like Colonel Edward Donald Malcolm, who is credited with establishing the breed. Its white coat made it easier to spot in the rugged Highland terrain.

What Is The Temperament Of A West Highland White Terrier?

Westies are known for their friendly, outgoing, and confident nature. They are typically affectionate with their families but can be independent and sometimes a bit stubborn. Their playful, curious, and energetic demeanor makes them great companions for active individuals or families. Despite their small size, they often exhibit a courageous and feisty personality.

How Big Do West Highland White Terriers Get?

Westies are a small-sized breed. Adult West Highland White Terriers typically weigh between 15 to 20 pounds (7 to 9 kg) and stand around 10 to 11 inches (25 to 28 cm) tall at the shoulder. Their compact size makes them suitable for both apartment living and homes with limited space.

How Do I Care For A West Highland White Terrier’s Coat?

The West Highland White Terrier has a dense, wiry coat that requires regular grooming to prevent matting. They should be brushed at least two to three times a week, and their coat should be hand-stripped or clipped by a professional groomer every few months to maintain its texture. Regular ear cleaning and nail trimming are also important for their overall health.

Are West Highland White Terriers Good With Children?

Yes, West Highland White Terriers are generally good with children, especially when raised in a family environment from a young age. They are playful and enjoy the companionship of younger humans. However, as they are a small breed, supervision is necessary to ensure they are not overwhelmed by rough handling, especially in households with very young children.

Are West Highland White Terriers Good With Other Pets?

Westies tend to have a strong prey drive due to their hunting background, and this can lead to challenges when living with small pets like rabbits or guinea pigs. However, they can coexist well with other dogs, particularly if they are introduced properly and socialized early. Some Westies may have a strong desire to chase smaller animals, so close supervision is recommended.

What Is The Lifespan Of A West Highland White Terrier?

West Highland White Terriers have a relatively long lifespan for a small breed. On average, they live between 12 and 16 years. With proper care, regular vet checkups, and a healthy diet, many Westies can live into their late teens.

Do West Highland White Terriers Have Any Common Health Issues?

While generally a healthy breed, West Highland White Terriers can be prone to certain health issues, including hip dysplasia, patellar luxation, and skin conditions like atopic dermatitis. They may also be susceptible to certain eye problems, such as cataracts. Regular veterinary checkups and maintaining a healthy lifestyle can help manage these risks.

How Much Exercise Does A West Highland White Terrier Need?

West Highland White Terriers are an active breed that requires regular exercise to maintain their health and well-being. They typically need 30 to 60 minutes of exercise per day, including walks, playtime, and mental stimulation. Due to their energetic nature, it’s important to engage them in both physical and mental activities to prevent boredom and undesirable behavior.

Are West Highland White Terriers Easy To Train?

West Highland White Terriers are intelligent dogs but can be a bit stubborn, making training a challenge for first-time dog owners. Positive reinforcement, consistency, and patience are key to successful training. Early socialization and obedience training are highly recommended to help them develop good behavior and strong bonds with their owners.

West Highland White Terrier Dog Pictures

west highland white terrier dog breed pictures