Bernese Mountain Dog Breed [ FULL Guide + Pictures ]

If you’ve ever met a Bernese Mountain Dog, you probably know what it’s like to be charmed by one of the most majestic, gentle, and utterly lovable dog breeds. Originating from the picturesque region of Bern, Switzerland, these dogs were originally bred for farm work, herding cattle, and even pulling carts. But let’s be real-while they’re strong, hardworking, and versatile, what really steals the show is their sweet and affectionate nature.

These dogs have captured the hearts of families and dog lovers worldwide. But, beyond their gentle demeanor and striking appearance, there’s a lot more to this breed than meets the eye. Whether you’re considering adding a Bernese Mountain Dog to your family or you’re just a fan of big, fluffy dogs, you’re in for a treat!

Let’s dive into the specifics of this incredible breed, covering everything from their unique physical features to their life expectancy.

Definition Of The Bernese Mountain Dog Breed

Bernese Mountain Dogs, often affectionately called “Berners”, are large, strong dogs with a calm, affectionate personality. They belong to the Sennenhund group of dogs, a breed category that originates from Switzerland. This group includes other mountain breeds like the Appenzeller Sennenhund, Entlebucher Mountain Dog, and the Greater Swiss Mountain Dog.

• Origins: As mentioned, Berners were originally bred in the Bernese Oberland region of Switzerland. They were farm dogs, used for herding cattle, pulling carts, and guarding farms.
• Temperament: The Bernese Mountain Dog is known for its gentle, patient, and loyal personality. They’re often described as “giants with a heart of gold”. While they are naturally protective, they’re typically friendly with people and other pets.
• Social Nature: Despite their size, these dogs are very social. They thrive on human interaction and love being part of the family. Their calm demeanor makes them wonderful companions, especially for families with children.

Physical Characteristics Of The Bernese Mountain Dog Breed

When it comes to physical traits, Bernese Mountain Dogs are nothing short of majestic. They boast an impressive appearance that combines both strength and elegance.

• Size: These dogs are large and robust, built for hard work. Their bodies are muscular yet graceful, with broad chests and well-developed limbs.

• Coat: Their most notable feature is their thick, double-layered coat, designed to protect them from harsh mountain climates. It’s dense, weather-resistant, and luxurious to the touch. It’s also one of the main reasons they need regular grooming.

  • The outer coat is long and straight, while the undercoat is soft and dense. This double coat keeps them insulated during cold weather.
• Tail: Their tails are thick and bushy, often carried low or in a gentle curve. When excited, the tail may wag energetically, but it’s typically relaxed and dignified.
• Eyes: They have dark brown eyes that convey warmth and intelligence. Their eyes are almond-shaped and set wide apart, giving them a gentle, approachable look.
• Ears: Their ears are triangular in shape, medium-sized, and set high. The ears hang down neatly beside their faces.

Colors Of The Bernese Mountain Dog Breed

Bernese Mountain Dogs are instantly recognizable due to their striking tri-color coat. The distinctive combination of black, white, and rust creates a stunning visual contrast, making them stand out in any crowd.

• Black: The dominant color is jet black, which covers much of the body, including the back, head, and tail.
• White: A white blaze runs from their chest up to the face, and they often have a white marking between their eyes or on their forehead, which some people call the “Swiss kiss”.

• Rust: They feature rust-colored patches above their eyes, on their cheeks, and on their legs, and sometimes on their chest or underbelly.

  • The rust color is typically a rich, deep tan, which contrasts beautifully with the black and white.

This tri-color pattern is one of the things that make Bernese Mountain Dogs so eye-catching and memorable. The arrangement of the colors also enhances their facial expressions, giving them a distinctive and warm look.

Size Of The Bernese Mountain Dog Breed

The Bernese Mountain Dog is a giant breed, and their size is truly a defining characteristic. They are well-built, muscular dogs designed to work hard, and it’s easy to see why their size might be intimidating to some. But underneath their powerful frame, they’re gentle giants.

• Height

  • Males typically stand between 25 to 27.5 inches (63 to 70 cm) tall at the shoulder.
  • Females are slightly smaller, ranging from 23 to 26 inches (58 to 66 cm).

• Weight

  • Males weigh between 80 to 115 pounds (36 to 52 kg).
  • Females usually range from 70 to 95 pounds (32 to 43 kg).

Despite their large size, Berners are surprisingly agile and graceful, especially considering how muscular they are. Their large frames and fluffy coats make them look even bigger than they actually are, but their gentle nature often belies their intimidating size.

Life Expectancy Of The Bernese Mountain Dog Breed

Sadly, as much as we adore these gentle giants, the Bernese Mountain Dog has one of the shortest life spans among dog breeds. This is primarily due to genetic factors and their large size, which tends to shorten life expectancy in many giant breeds.

• Average Life Expectancy: On average, a Bernese Mountain Dog will live around 7 to 10 years. Some may live a bit longer with good care, but it’s not uncommon for their life expectancy to be on the shorter end.

• Health Considerations: Like other large breeds, Bernese Mountain Dogs are prone to certain health issues, including:

  • Hip and elbow dysplasia: A common concern in larger dogs, affecting their joints.
  • Cancer: Bernese Mountain Dogs are particularly prone to developing certain cancers, including hemangiosarcoma and osteosarcoma.
  • Bloat: Due to their deep chest, Berners can be at risk for gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV), also known as bloat, which is a life-threatening condition if not treated quickly.

Because of these health concerns, it’s important for potential owners to choose a reputable breeder who conducts health screenings and provides proper care to increase their Bernese Mountain Dog’s chances of living a long and happy life.

Temperament Of The Bernese Mountain Dog Breed

These majestic dogs are known for their calm and easygoing nature, but they also have distinct characteristics that make them uniquely lovable.

• Affectionate: Bernese Mountain Dogs are big-hearted, loving, and very loyal. They are notorious for being affectionate with their family, often wanting to be involved in every part of family life. They may follow you from room to room just to be near you.
• Gentle Giants: Despite their large size (they can weigh anywhere from 70 to 115 pounds!), they are incredibly gentle with children and other pets. Their temperament makes them well-suited for families, especially those with young kids.
• Intelligent: Bernese Mountain Dogs are smart and can pick up on commands relatively quickly. However, they have an independent streak, meaning they may sometimes act a little stubborn. Early training and socialization are key!
• Protective: While they are affectionate, they can also be quite protective. They are naturally good watchdogs and will alert you to any unfamiliar noise or presence around the house. But don’t expect them to be aggressive-they’re more likely to show curiosity than hostility.
• Social and Calm: Bernese Mountain Dogs tend to enjoy being social and are usually good with strangers once they are comfortable. They are not overly excitable, which contributes to their calm demeanor, making them wonderful companions for relaxed, active families.

Any Shedding Issues For The Bernese Mountain Dog Breed?

Yes, shedding is something to consider when adopting a Bernese Mountain Dog, especially if you have allergies or are concerned about maintaining a fur-free home.

• Double Coat: The Bernese Mountain Dog has a thick, double-layered coat designed for colder climates. While it’s beautiful, it’s also prone to shedding, particularly during the shedding seasons (spring and fall). The undercoat, which is dense and soft, sheds heavily in warm weather as the dog prepares for the change in seasons.
• Seasonal Shedding: You’ll notice a significant increase in shedding during the warmer months as the undercoat loosens. This can lead to fur accumulating around your home, especially on furniture, clothing, and floors. However, it’s manageable with regular grooming.
• Minimal Shedding Between Seasons: When it’s not shedding season, the shedding is relatively moderate. That said, you’ll still find fur around your home, so be prepared for the occasional cleanup, even in off-season months.

Grooming Needs For The Bernese Mountain Dog Breed

Regular grooming is a must to keep a Bernese Mountain Dog comfortable and looking their best. Their beautiful coat requires some attention, but the effort is totally worth it!

• Brushing: Bernese Mountain Dogs have a long, dense coat that requires frequent brushing. Aim for at least 2 to 3 times per week to prevent mats and tangles. During shedding season, you may need to brush them daily to keep up with the fur and prevent it from accumulating into mats.
• Bathing: These dogs don’t need frequent baths. Bathing them once every 6-8 weeks is usually enough unless they’ve gotten into something messy. Over-bathing can strip their coat of natural oils, leading to dryness.
• Trimming: While the Bernese doesn’t need a full haircut, trimming around the paws, ears, and underbelly will help keep them clean and neat. Be sure to trim their nails regularly, as long nails can lead to discomfort.
• Ear Care: Check their ears regularly for signs of dirt or infection. They have floppy ears, which can trap moisture and debris. Cleaning them gently with a dog-safe ear solution can help prevent issues.
• Teeth and Dental Care: Like all dogs, Bernese Mountain Dogs require regular dental care to prevent tartar buildup. Brushing their teeth a couple of times a week can help maintain their oral health.

Diet Requirements Of The Bernese Mountain Dog Breed

Because Bernese Mountain Dogs are large, active dogs, their diet needs are a bit more specific than smaller breeds. Here’s what you should keep in mind:

• High-Quality Dog Food: Invest in premium, well-balanced food with a good mix of protein, healthy fats, and fiber. Since they are large, growing dogs, a high-quality puppy food during their early years is essential for their growth and muscle development.
• Protein Source: Look for foods where the primary ingredient is high-quality protein (like chicken, beef, or lamb). This helps support muscle development and repair, which is particularly important for a large breed.
• Joint Health: Large breeds like the Bernese Mountain Dog are prone to joint issues, so look for dog foods that contain glucosamine and chondroitin, which help maintain joint health and mobility.
• Portion Control: Due to their size, it’s easy to overfeed them. However, obesity can lead to serious health problems, so portion control is important. Follow the feeding recommendations on your dog’s food and adjust based on activity level and growth.
• Fresh Water: Make sure they always have access to fresh water. Hydration is key to their overall health, especially given their size and energy levels.

Health Issues Of The Bernese Mountain Dog Breed

Bernese Mountain Dogs, while generally healthy, are prone to certain health issues due to their large size and genetics. Here’s what you should be aware of:

• Hip and Elbow Dysplasia: Like many large breeds, the Bernese Mountain Dog is susceptible to hip and elbow dysplasia, conditions where the joints don’t develop properly, leading to arthritis and pain. Regular veterinary checkups and joint supplements can help manage these issues.
• Cancer: Unfortunately, Bernese Mountain Dogs have a higher-than-average risk of cancer, particularly hemangiosarcoma and histiocytic sarcoma. Early detection through regular vet visits and a keen eye for any abnormal growths is essential.
• Bloat (Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus): This is a potentially life-threatening condition where the stomach fills with gas and twists. It can cause shock and organ failure. Feeding smaller, more frequent meals and avoiding vigorous exercise after eating can help reduce the risk.
• Hypothyroidism: This is a condition where the thyroid doesn’t produce enough hormones, leading to weight gain, lethargy, and skin issues. Regular check-ups and blood tests can help detect hypothyroidism early.
• Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA): PRA is a degenerative eye disease that can lead to blindness. If you notice any vision problems, a visit to the vet is essential to diagnose the condition and seek treatment.

Training And Exercise Needs Of The Bernese Mountain Dog Breed

Bernese Mountain Dogs are intelligent and willing to please, but their large size means they need proper training and plenty of exercise to stay happy and healthy.

• Training: Bernese Mountain Dogs are generally intelligent, but they can also be a bit independent. Consistency is key when it comes to training. Positive reinforcement methods-treats, praise, and play-work best for them.
• Early Socialization: Like many large breeds, early socialization is essential. Introduce them to different people, environments, and other animals from a young age to ensure they grow up to be well-mannered adults.
• Exercise Needs: Although they have a calm temperament indoors, they still need regular exercise to stay fit. Daily walks, playtime in the yard, and even hiking are great ways to burn off their energy. However, be careful not to overdo it when they are puppies, as their joints and bones are still developing.
• Mental Stimulation: Bernese Mountain Dogs are intelligent, so mental exercise is just as important as physical activity. Puzzle toys, obedience training, or scent games can help keep their minds sharp.

FAQs

What Is The Origin Of The Bernese Mountain Dog?

The Bernese Mountain Dog originates from the Swiss Alps, where they were originally bred as working dogs for tasks such as herding cattle, pulling carts, and guarding farms. Their name comes from the Canton of Bern, Switzerland.

What Is The Temperament Of A Bernese Mountain Dog?

Bernese Mountain Dogs are known for their gentle, affectionate, and calm temperament. They are loyal, good-natured, and typically get along well with children and other animals. However, they can be reserved around strangers.

How Big Do Bernese Mountain Dogs Get?

Bernese Mountain Dogs are large-sized dogs. Males typically weigh between 80-115 pounds, while females weigh between 70-95 pounds. They stand around 23-27 inches tall at the shoulder.

Do Bernese Mountain Dogs Shed A Lot?

Yes, Bernese Mountain Dogs shed moderately throughout the year, with heavier shedding during seasonal changes. Regular grooming is necessary to manage their thick double coat and minimize shedding.

What Is The Lifespan Of A Bernese Mountain Dog?

The average lifespan of a Bernese Mountain Dog is between 7 to 10 years. They are prone to certain health conditions, such as hip dysplasia and cancer, which can impact their longevity.

Are Bernese Mountain Dogs Good With Children?

Yes, Bernese Mountain Dogs are generally excellent with children. Their gentle and patient nature makes them great family pets. However, as with all breeds, supervision is advised, especially around very young children.

Do Bernese Mountain Dogs Require A Lot Of Exercise?

While Bernese Mountain Dogs are not as high-energy as some other breeds, they still need regular exercise to stay healthy and happy. Daily walks, along with opportunities for play, are recommended to keep them fit and prevent obesity.

Are Bernese Mountain Dogs Easy To Train?

Bernese Mountain Dogs are intelligent and eager to please, making them generally responsive to training. However, their independent streak can sometimes make them stubborn. Consistent, positive reinforcement methods work best.

What Are Common Health Issues In Bernese Mountain Dogs?

Some common health issues that affect Bernese Mountain Dogs include hip dysplasia, elbow dysplasia, progressive retinal atrophy, and certain types of cancer. Regular veterinary checkups and early detection can help manage these conditions.

Do Bernese Mountain Dogs Get Along With Other Pets?

Yes, Bernese Mountain Dogs are typically good with other pets, including other dogs and cats. They have a calm demeanor that allows them to coexist peacefully with other animals, although early socialization helps them develop better behavior.

Bernese Mountain Dog Pictures